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{
    "id": 13396,
    "url": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/patches/13396/?format=api",
    "web_url": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/patch/13396/",
    "project": {
        "id": 1,
        "url": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/projects/1/?format=api",
        "name": "libcamera",
        "link_name": "libcamera",
        "list_id": "libcamera_core",
        "list_email": "libcamera-devel@lists.libcamera.org",
        "web_url": "",
        "scm_url": "",
        "webscm_url": ""
    },
    "msgid": "<20210819071956.3431114-1-paul.elder@ideasonboard.com>",
    "date": "2021-08-19T07:19:56",
    "name": "[libcamera-devel,v4] ipa: Use FileDescriptor instead of int in layers above IPC payload",
    "commit_ref": "31078711d6c3639073db97322c6f7d98dacbbefe",
    "pull_url": null,
    "state": "accepted",
    "archived": false,
    "hash": "030bb0601b7a00d8399c8ec539b7ced5f2cd3073",
    "submitter": {
        "id": 17,
        "url": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/people/17/?format=api",
        "name": "Paul Elder",
        "email": "paul.elder@ideasonboard.com"
    },
    "delegate": null,
    "mbox": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/patch/13396/mbox/",
    "series": [
        {
            "id": 2371,
            "url": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/series/2371/?format=api",
            "web_url": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/project/libcamera/list/?series=2371",
            "date": "2021-08-19T07:19:56",
            "name": "[libcamera-devel,v4] ipa: Use FileDescriptor instead of int in layers above IPC payload",
            "version": 4,
            "mbox": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/series/2371/mbox/"
        }
    ],
    "comments": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/patches/13396/comments/",
    "check": "pending",
    "checks": "https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/patches/13396/checks/",
    "tags": {},
    "headers": {
        "Return-Path": "<libcamera-devel-bounces@lists.libcamera.org>",
        "X-Original-To": "parsemail@patchwork.libcamera.org",
        "Delivered-To": "parsemail@patchwork.libcamera.org",
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        "From": "Paul Elder <paul.elder@ideasonboard.com>",
        "To": "libcamera-devel@lists.libcamera.org",
        "Date": "Thu, 19 Aug 2021 16:19:56 +0900",
        "Message-Id": "<20210819071956.3431114-1-paul.elder@ideasonboard.com>",
        "X-Mailer": "git-send-email 2.27.0",
        "MIME-Version": "1.0",
        "Content-Transfer-Encoding": "8bit",
        "Subject": "[libcamera-devel] [PATCH v4] ipa: Use FileDescriptor instead of int\n\tin layers above IPC payload",
        "X-BeenThere": "libcamera-devel@lists.libcamera.org",
        "X-Mailman-Version": "2.1.29",
        "Precedence": "list",
        "List-Id": "<libcamera-devel.lists.libcamera.org>",
        "List-Unsubscribe": "<https://lists.libcamera.org/options/libcamera-devel>,\n\t<mailto:libcamera-devel-request@lists.libcamera.org?subject=unsubscribe>",
        "List-Archive": "<https://lists.libcamera.org/pipermail/libcamera-devel/>",
        "List-Post": "<mailto:libcamera-devel@lists.libcamera.org>",
        "List-Help": "<mailto:libcamera-devel-request@lists.libcamera.org?subject=help>",
        "List-Subscribe": "<https://lists.libcamera.org/listinfo/libcamera-devel>,\n\t<mailto:libcamera-devel-request@lists.libcamera.org?subject=subscribe>",
        "Errors-To": "libcamera-devel-bounces@lists.libcamera.org",
        "Sender": "\"libcamera-devel\" <libcamera-devel-bounces@lists.libcamera.org>"
    },
    "content": "Regarding (de)serialization in isolated IPA calls, we have four layers:\n- struct\n- byte vector + fd vector\n- IPCMessage\n- IPC payload\n\nThe proxy handles the upper three layers (with help from the\nIPADataSerializer), and passes an IPCMessage to the IPC mechanism\n(implemented as an IPCPipe), which sends an IPC payload to its worker\ncounterpart.\n\nWhen a FileDescriptor is involved, previously it was only a\nFileDescriptor in the first layer; in the lower three it was an int. To\nreduce the risk of potential fd leaks in the future, keep the\nFileDescriptor as-is throughout the upper three layers. Only the IPC\nmechanism will deal with ints, if it so wishes, when it does the actual\nIPC. IPCPipeUnixSocket does deal with ints for sending fds, so the\nconversion between IPCMessage and IPCUnixSocket::Payload converts\nbetween FileDescriptor and int.\n\nAdditionally, change the data portion of the serialized form of\nFileDescriptor to a 32-bit unsigned integer, for alightnment purposes\nand in preparation for conversion to an index into the fd array.\n\nAlso update the deserializer of FrameBuffer::Plane accordingly.\n\nSigned-off-by: Paul Elder <paul.elder@ideasonboard.com>\nTested-by: Umang Jain <umang.jain@ideasonboard.com>\nReviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>\nReviewed-by: Umang Jain <umang.jain@ideasonboard.com>\n\n---\nChanges in v4:\n- update deserializer for FrameBuffer::Plane\n---\n .../libcamera/internal/ipa_data_serializer.h  | 40 ++++----\n include/libcamera/internal/ipc_pipe.h         | 10 +-\n src/libcamera/ipa_data_serializer.cpp         | 95 ++++++++++---------\n src/libcamera/ipc_pipe.cpp                    | 12 ++-\n .../ipa_data_serializer_test.cpp              | 12 +--\n .../module_ipa_proxy.cpp.tmpl                 |  2 +-\n .../module_ipa_proxy.h.tmpl                   |  2 +-\n .../libcamera_templates/proxy_functions.tmpl  |  2 +-\n .../libcamera_templates/serializer.tmpl       | 26 ++---\n 9 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)",
    "diff": "diff --git a/include/libcamera/internal/ipa_data_serializer.h b/include/libcamera/internal/ipa_data_serializer.h\nindex 519093bd..4353e07b 100644\n--- a/include/libcamera/internal/ipa_data_serializer.h\n+++ b/include/libcamera/internal/ipa_data_serializer.h\n@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ template<typename T>\n class IPADataSerializer\n {\n public:\n-\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n \tserialize(const T &data, ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr);\n \n \tstatic T deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ public:\n \t\t\t     ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr);\n \n \tstatic T deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t\t     const std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t\t     const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t     ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr);\n \tstatic T deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t     std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t     std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t     std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t     std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t     std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t     ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr);\n };\n \n@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ template<typename V>\n class IPADataSerializer<std::vector<V>>\n {\n public:\n-\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n \tserialize(const std::vector<V> &data, ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> dataVec;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fdsVec;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fdsVec;\n \n \t\t/* Serialize the length. */\n \t\tuint32_t vecLen = data.size();\n@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public:\n \t\t/* Serialize the members. */\n \t\tfor (auto const &it : data) {\n \t\t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> dvec;\n-\t\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fvec;\n+\t\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fvec;\n \n \t\t\tstd::tie(dvec, fvec) =\n \t\t\t\tIPADataSerializer<V>::serialize(it, cs);\n@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ public:\n \t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \t\treturn deserialize(dataBegin, dataEnd, fds.cbegin(), fds.end(), cs);\n \t}\n \n-\tstatic std::vector<V> deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\tstatic std::vector<V> deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), fds.cbegin(), fds.end(), cs);\n@@ -153,15 +153,15 @@ public:\n \n \tstatic std::vector<V> deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\tuint32_t vecLen = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataBegin, 0, dataEnd);\n \t\tstd::vector<V> ret(vecLen);\n \n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataIter = dataBegin + 4;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdIter = fdsBegin;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdIter = fdsBegin;\n \t\tfor (uint32_t i = 0; i < vecLen; i++) {\n \t\t\tuint32_t sizeofData = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataIter, 0, dataEnd);\n \t\t\tuint32_t sizeofFds  = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataIter, 4, dataEnd);\n@@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ template<typename K, typename V>\n class IPADataSerializer<std::map<K, V>>\n {\n public:\n-\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n \tserialize(const std::map<K, V> &data, ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> dataVec;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fdsVec;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fdsVec;\n \n \t\t/* Serialize the length. */\n \t\tuint32_t mapLen = data.size();\n@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ public:\n \t\t/* Serialize the members. */\n \t\tfor (auto const &it : data) {\n \t\t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> dvec;\n-\t\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fvec;\n+\t\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fvec;\n \n \t\t\tstd::tie(dvec, fvec) =\n \t\t\t\tIPADataSerializer<K>::serialize(it.first, cs);\n@@ -247,11 +247,11 @@ public:\n \t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \t\treturn deserialize(dataBegin, dataEnd, fds.cbegin(), fds.end(), cs);\n \t}\n \n-\tstatic std::map<K, V> deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\tstatic std::map<K, V> deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), fds.cbegin(), fds.end(), cs);\n@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ public:\n \n \tstatic std::map<K, V> deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\tstd::map<K, V> ret;\n@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ public:\n \t\tuint32_t mapLen = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataBegin, 0, dataEnd);\n \n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataIter = dataBegin + 4;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdIter = fdsBegin;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdIter = fdsBegin;\n \t\tfor (uint32_t i = 0; i < mapLen; i++) {\n \t\t\tuint32_t sizeofData = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataIter, 0, dataEnd);\n \t\t\tuint32_t sizeofFds  = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataIter, 4, dataEnd);\ndiff --git a/include/libcamera/internal/ipc_pipe.h b/include/libcamera/internal/ipc_pipe.h\nindex e58de340..52cc8fa3 100644\n--- a/include/libcamera/internal/ipc_pipe.h\n+++ b/include/libcamera/internal/ipc_pipe.h\n@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@\n \n #include <libcamera/base/signal.h>\n \n+#include <libcamera/file_descriptor.h>\n+\n #include \"libcamera/internal/ipc_unixsocket.h\"\n \n namespace libcamera {\n@@ -26,23 +28,23 @@ public:\n \tIPCMessage();\n \tIPCMessage(uint32_t cmd);\n \tIPCMessage(const Header &header);\n-\tIPCMessage(const IPCUnixSocket::Payload &payload);\n+\tIPCMessage(IPCUnixSocket::Payload &payload);\n \n \tIPCUnixSocket::Payload payload() const;\n \n \tHeader &header() { return header_; }\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> &data() { return data_; }\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> &fds() { return fds_; }\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds() { return fds_; }\n \n \tconst Header &header() const { return header_; }\n \tconst std::vector<uint8_t> &data() const { return data_; }\n-\tconst std::vector<int32_t> &fds() const { return fds_; }\n+\tconst std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds() const { return fds_; }\n \n private:\n \tHeader header_;\n \n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> data_;\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds_;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds_;\n };\n \n class IPCPipe\ndiff --git a/src/libcamera/ipa_data_serializer.cpp b/src/libcamera/ipa_data_serializer.cpp\nindex fb941e6b..5b183c70 100644\n--- a/src/libcamera/ipa_data_serializer.cpp\n+++ b/src/libcamera/ipa_data_serializer.cpp\n@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@\n \n #include \"libcamera/internal/ipa_data_serializer.h\"\n \n+#include <unistd.h>\n+\n #include <libcamera/base/log.h>\n \n /**\n@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ namespace {\n /**\n  * \\fn template<typename T> IPADataSerializer<T>::deserialize(\n  * \tconst std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n- * \tconst std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+ * \tconst std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n  * \tControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n  * \\brief Deserialize byte vector and fd vector into an object\n  * \\tparam T Type of object to deserialize to\n@@ -162,8 +164,8 @@ namespace {\n  * \\fn template<typename T> IPADataSerializer::deserialize(\n  * \tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n  * \tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n- * \tstd::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n- * \tstd::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+ * \tstd::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+ * \tstd::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n  * \tControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n  * \\brief Deserialize byte vector and fd vector into an object\n  * \\tparam T Type of object to deserialize to\n@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ namespace {\n #define DEFINE_POD_SERIALIZER(type)\t\t\t\t\t\\\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n template<>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n-std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\t\t\t\\\n+std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\t\t\\\n IPADataSerializer<type>::serialize(const type &data,\t\t\t\\\n \t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs) \\\n {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ type IPADataSerializer<type>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, \\\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n template<>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n type IPADataSerializer<type>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, \\\n-\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<int32_t> &fds, \\\n+\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds, \\\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs)\t\\\n {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n \treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), cs);\t\t\\\n@@ -224,8 +226,8 @@ type IPADataSerializer<type>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, \\\n template<>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n type IPADataSerializer<type>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin, \\\n \t\t\t\t\t  std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd, \\\n-\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin, \\\n-\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd, \\\n+\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin, \\\n+\t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd, \\\n \t\t\t\t\t  ControlSerializer *cs)\t\\\n {\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\\\n \treturn deserialize(dataBegin, dataEnd, cs);\t\t\t\\\n@@ -249,7 +251,7 @@ DEFINE_POD_SERIALIZER(double)\n  * function parameter serdes).\n  */\n template<>\n-std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n IPADataSerializer<std::string>::serialize(const std::string &data,\n \t\t\t\t\t  [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ IPADataSerializer<std::string>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator\n template<>\n std::string\n IPADataSerializer<std::string>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn { data.cbegin(), data.cend() };\n@@ -286,8 +288,8 @@ template<>\n std::string\n IPADataSerializer<std::string>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t\t\t    std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn { dataBegin, dataEnd };\n@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ IPADataSerializer<std::string>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator\n  * be used. The serialized ControlInfoMap will have zero length.\n  */\n template<>\n-std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n IPADataSerializer<ControlList>::serialize(const ControlList &data, ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \tif (!cs)\n@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ IPADataSerializer<ControlList>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n template<>\n ControlList\n IPADataSerializer<ControlList>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t    ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), cs);\n@@ -415,8 +417,8 @@ template<>\n ControlList\n IPADataSerializer<ControlList>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t\t\t    std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t    ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn deserialize(dataBegin, dataEnd, cs);\n@@ -429,7 +431,7 @@ IPADataSerializer<ControlList>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator\n  * X bytes - Serialized ControlInfoMap (using ControlSerializer)\n  */\n template<>\n-std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n IPADataSerializer<ControlInfoMap>::serialize(const ControlInfoMap &map,\n \t\t\t\t\t     ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@ IPADataSerializer<ControlInfoMap>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n template<>\n ControlInfoMap\n IPADataSerializer<ControlInfoMap>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t\t\t\t       [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t\t\t\t       [[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t       ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), cs);\n@@ -501,15 +503,15 @@ template<>\n ControlInfoMap\n IPADataSerializer<ControlInfoMap>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t\t\t       std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t       [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t       [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t       [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t       [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t       ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn deserialize(dataBegin, dataEnd, cs);\n }\n \n /*\n- * FileDescriptors are serialized into a single byte that tells if the\n+ * FileDescriptors are serialized into four bytes that tells if the\n  * FileDescriptor is valid or not. If it is valid, then for serialization\n  * the fd will be written to the fd vector, or for deserialization the\n  * fd vector const_iterator will be valid.\n@@ -517,42 +519,47 @@ IPADataSerializer<ControlInfoMap>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_itera\n  * This validity is necessary so that we don't send -1 fd over sendmsg(). It\n  * also allows us to simply send the entire fd vector into the deserializer\n  * and it will be recursively consumed as necessary.\n- *\n- * \\todo Consider serializing the FileDescriptor in 4 bytes to ensure\n- * 32-bit alignment of all serialized data\n  */\n template<>\n-std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::serialize(const FileDescriptor &data,\n \t\t\t\t\t     [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n-\tstd::vector<uint8_t> dataVec = { data.isValid() };\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fdVec;\n+\tstd::vector<uint8_t> dataVec;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fdVec;\n+\n+\t/*\n+\t * Store as uint32_t to prepare for conversion from validity flag\n+\t * to index, and for alignment.\n+\t */\n+\tappendPOD<uint32_t>(dataVec, data.isValid());\n+\n \tif (data.isValid())\n-\t\tfdVec.push_back(data.fd());\n+\t\tfdVec.push_back(data);\n+\n \n \treturn { dataVec, fdVec };\n }\n \n template<>\n-FileDescriptor IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+FileDescriptor IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::deserialize([[maybe_unused]] std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n-\tASSERT(std::distance(dataBegin, dataEnd) >= 1);\n+\tASSERT(std::distance(dataBegin, dataEnd) >= 4);\n \n-\tbool valid = !!(*dataBegin);\n+\tuint32_t valid = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataBegin, 0, dataEnd);\n \n \tASSERT(!(valid && std::distance(fdsBegin, fdsEnd) < 1));\n \n-\treturn valid ? FileDescriptor(*fdsBegin) : FileDescriptor();\n+\treturn valid ? *fdsBegin : FileDescriptor();\n }\n \n template<>\n FileDescriptor IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      const std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t      const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t      [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), fds.cbegin(), fds.end());\n@@ -561,19 +568,19 @@ FileDescriptor IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::deserialize(const std::vector<\n /*\n  * FrameBuffer::Plane is serialized as:\n  *\n- * 1 byte  - FileDescriptor\n+ * 4 byte  - FileDescriptor\n  * 4 bytes - uint32_t Length\n  */\n template<>\n-std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n IPADataSerializer<FrameBuffer::Plane>::serialize(const FrameBuffer::Plane &data,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> dataVec;\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fdsVec;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fdsVec;\n \n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> fdBuf;\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fdFds;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fdFds;\n \tstd::tie(fdBuf, fdFds) =\n \t\tIPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::serialize(data.fd);\n \tdataVec.insert(dataVec.end(), fdBuf.begin(), fdBuf.end());\n@@ -588,15 +595,15 @@ template<>\n FrameBuffer::Plane\n IPADataSerializer<FrameBuffer::Plane>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t   std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t   std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t   [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t   std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t   [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t   [[maybe_unused]] ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \tFrameBuffer::Plane ret;\n \n-\tret.fd = IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::deserialize(dataBegin, dataBegin + 1,\n+\tret.fd = IPADataSerializer<FileDescriptor>::deserialize(dataBegin, dataBegin + 4,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfdsBegin, fdsBegin + 1);\n-\tret.length = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataBegin, 1, dataEnd);\n+\tret.length = readPOD<uint32_t>(dataBegin, 4, dataEnd);\n \n \treturn ret;\n }\n@@ -604,7 +611,7 @@ IPADataSerializer<FrameBuffer::Plane>::deserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_i\n template<>\n FrameBuffer::Plane\n IPADataSerializer<FrameBuffer::Plane>::deserialize(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t\t\t\t\t   const std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t\t\t\t\t   const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t\t\t\t\t   ControlSerializer *cs)\n {\n \treturn deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.end(), fds.cbegin(), fds.end(), cs);\ndiff --git a/src/libcamera/ipc_pipe.cpp b/src/libcamera/ipc_pipe.cpp\nindex 28e20e03..84136a82 100644\n--- a/src/libcamera/ipc_pipe.cpp\n+++ b/src/libcamera/ipc_pipe.cpp\n@@ -77,13 +77,17 @@ IPCMessage::IPCMessage(const Header &header)\n  *\n  * This essentially converts an IPCUnixSocket payload into an IPCMessage.\n  * The header is extracted from the payload into the IPCMessage's header field.\n+ *\n+ * If the IPCUnixSocket payload had any valid file descriptors, then they will\n+ * all be invalidated.\n  */\n-IPCMessage::IPCMessage(const IPCUnixSocket::Payload &payload)\n+IPCMessage::IPCMessage(IPCUnixSocket::Payload &payload)\n {\n \tmemcpy(&header_, payload.data.data(), sizeof(header_));\n \tdata_ = std::vector<uint8_t>(payload.data.begin() + sizeof(header_),\n \t\t\t\t     payload.data.end());\n-\tfds_ = payload.fds;\n+\tfor (int32_t &fd : payload.fds)\n+\t\tfds_.push_back(FileDescriptor(std::move(fd)));\n }\n \n /**\n@@ -104,7 +108,9 @@ IPCUnixSocket::Payload IPCMessage::payload() const\n \n \t/* \\todo Make this work without copy */\n \tmemcpy(payload.data.data() + sizeof(Header), data_.data(), data_.size());\n-\tpayload.fds = fds_;\n+\n+\tfor (const FileDescriptor &fd : fds_)\n+\t\tpayload.fds.push_back(fd.fd());\n \n \treturn payload;\n }\ndiff --git a/test/serialization/ipa_data_serializer_test.cpp b/test/serialization/ipa_data_serializer_test.cpp\nindex bf7e34e2..eca19a66 100644\n--- a/test/serialization/ipa_data_serializer_test.cpp\n+++ b/test/serialization/ipa_data_serializer_test.cpp\n@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ template<typename T>\n int testPodSerdes(T in)\n {\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> buf;\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \n \tstd::tie(buf, fds) = IPADataSerializer<T>::serialize(in);\n \tT out = IPADataSerializer<T>::deserialize(buf, fds);\n@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ int testVectorSerdes(const std::vector<T> &in,\n \t\t     ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n {\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> buf;\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \n \tstd::tie(buf, fds) = IPADataSerializer<std::vector<T>>::serialize(in, cs);\n \tstd::vector<T> out = IPADataSerializer<std::vector<T>>::deserialize(buf, fds, cs);\n@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ int testMapSerdes(const std::map<K, V> &in,\n \t\t  ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n {\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> buf;\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \n \tstd::tie(buf, fds) = IPADataSerializer<std::map<K, V>>::serialize(in, cs);\n \tstd::map<K, V> out = IPADataSerializer<std::map<K, V>>::deserialize(buf, fds, cs);\n@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ private:\n \t\t};\n \n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> buf;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \n \t\tif (testVectorSerdes(vecUint8) != TestPass)\n \t\t\treturn TestFail;\n@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ private:\n \t\t\t{ { \"a\", { 1, 2, 3 } }, { \"b\", { 4, 5, 6 } }, { \"c\", { 7, 8, 9 } } };\n \n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> buf;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \n \t\tif (testMapSerdes(mapUintStr) != TestPass)\n \t\t\treturn TestFail;\n@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ private:\n \t\tstd::string strEmpty = \"\";\n \n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> buf;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> fds;\n \n \t\tif (testPodSerdes(u32min) != TestPass)\n \t\t\treturn TestFail;\ndiff --git a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.cpp.tmpl b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.cpp.tmpl\nindex a4e008c7..aab1fffb 100644\n--- a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.cpp.tmpl\n+++ b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.cpp.tmpl\n@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ void {{proxy_name}}::recvMessage(const IPCMessage &data)\n void {{proxy_name}}::{{method.mojom_name}}IPC(\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator data,\n \tsize_t dataSize,\n-\t[[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<int32_t> &fds)\n+\t[[maybe_unused]] const std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds)\n {\n {%- for param in method.parameters %}\n \t{{param|name}} {{param.mojom_name}};\ndiff --git a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.h.tmpl b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.h.tmpl\nindex c222f5f2..1979e68f 100644\n--- a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.h.tmpl\n+++ b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/module_ipa_proxy.h.tmpl\n@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ private:\n \tvoid {{method.mojom_name}}IPC(\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator data,\n \t\tsize_t dataSize,\n-\t\tconst std::vector<int32_t> &fds);\n+\t\tconst std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds);\n {% endfor %}\n \n \t/* Helper class to invoke async functions in another thread. */\ndiff --git a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/proxy_functions.tmpl b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/proxy_functions.tmpl\nindex ea9cc86b..ebcd2aaa 100644\n--- a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/proxy_functions.tmpl\n+++ b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/proxy_functions.tmpl\n@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@\n {%- for param in params %}\n \tstd::vector<uint8_t> {{param.mojom_name}}Buf;\n {%- if param|has_fd %}\n-\tstd::vector<int32_t> {{param.mojom_name}}Fds;\n+\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> {{param.mojom_name}}Fds;\n \tstd::tie({{param.mojom_name}}Buf, {{param.mojom_name}}Fds) =\n {%- else %}\n \tstd::tie({{param.mojom_name}}Buf, std::ignore) =\ndiff --git a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/serializer.tmpl b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/serializer.tmpl\nindex d8d55807..b8ef8e7b 100644\n--- a/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/serializer.tmpl\n+++ b/utils/ipc/generators/libcamera_templates/serializer.tmpl\n@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@\n \t\tretData.insert(retData.end(), {{field.mojom_name}}.begin(), {{field.mojom_name}}.end());\n {%- elif field|is_fd %}\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> {{field.mojom_name}};\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> {{field.mojom_name}}Fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> {{field.mojom_name}}Fds;\n \t\tstd::tie({{field.mojom_name}}, {{field.mojom_name}}Fds) =\n \t\t\tIPADataSerializer<{{field|name}}>::serialize(data.{{field.mojom_name}});\n \t\tretData.insert(retData.end(), {{field.mojom_name}}.begin(), {{field.mojom_name}}.end());\n@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@\n {%- elif field|is_plain_struct or field|is_array or field|is_map or field|is_str %}\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> {{field.mojom_name}};\n \t{%- if field|has_fd %}\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> {{field.mojom_name}}Fds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> {{field.mojom_name}}Fds;\n \t\tstd::tie({{field.mojom_name}}, {{field.mojom_name}}Fds) =\n \t{%- else %}\n \t\tstd::tie({{field.mojom_name}}, std::ignore) =\n@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@\n \t\tdataSize -= {{field_size}};\n \t{%- endif %}\n {% elif field|is_fd %}\n-\t{%- set field_size = 1 %}\n+\t{%- set field_size = 4 %}\n \t\t{{- check_data_size(field_size, 'dataSize', field.mojom_name, 'data')}}\n-\t\tret.{{field.mojom_name}} = IPADataSerializer<{{field|name}}>::deserialize(m, m + 1, n, n + 1, cs);\n+\t\tret.{{field.mojom_name}} = IPADataSerializer<{{field|name}}>::deserialize(m, m + {{field_size}}, n, n + 1, cs);\n \t{%- if not loop.last %}\n \t\tm += {{field_size}};\n \t\tdataSize -= {{field_size}};\n@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@\n  # \\a struct.\n  #}\n {%- macro serializer(struct, namespace) %}\n-\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<int32_t>>\n+\tstatic std::tuple<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::vector<FileDescriptor>>\n \tserialize(const {{struct|name_full}} &data,\n {%- if struct|needs_control_serializer %}\n \t\t  ControlSerializer *cs)\n@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@\n \t{\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t> retData;\n {%- if struct|has_fd %}\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t> retFds;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor> retFds;\n {%- endif %}\n {%- for field in struct.fields %}\n {{serializer_field(field, namespace, loop)}}\n@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@\n {%- macro deserializer_fd(struct, namespace) %}\n \tstatic {{struct|name_full}}\n \tdeserialize(std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t    std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t    std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n {%- if struct|needs_control_serializer %}\n \t\t    ControlSerializer *cs)\n {%- else %}\n@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@\n \tstatic {{struct|name_full}}\n \tdeserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t    std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t    std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t    std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t    std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t    std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n {%- if struct|needs_control_serializer %}\n \t\t    ControlSerializer *cs)\n {%- else %}\n@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@\n \t{\n \t\t{{struct|name_full}} ret;\n \t\tstd::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator m = dataBegin;\n-\t\tstd::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator n = fdsBegin;\n+\t\tstd::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator n = fdsBegin;\n \n \t\tsize_t dataSize = std::distance(dataBegin, dataEnd);\n \t\t[[maybe_unused]] size_t fdsSize = std::distance(fdsBegin, fdsEnd);\n@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@\n {%- macro deserializer_fd_simple(struct, namespace) %}\n \tstatic {{struct|name_full}}\n \tdeserialize(std::vector<uint8_t> &data,\n-\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t> &fds,\n+\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor> &fds,\n \t\t    ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\treturn IPADataSerializer<{{struct|name_full}}>::deserialize(data.cbegin(), data.cend(), cs);\n@@ -264,8 +264,8 @@\n \tstatic {{struct|name_full}}\n \tdeserialize(std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataBegin,\n \t\t    std::vector<uint8_t>::const_iterator dataEnd,\n-\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n-\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<int32_t>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n+\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsBegin,\n+\t\t    [[maybe_unused]] std::vector<FileDescriptor>::const_iterator fdsEnd,\n \t\t    ControlSerializer *cs = nullptr)\n \t{\n \t\treturn IPADataSerializer<{{struct|name_full}}>::deserialize(dataBegin, dataEnd, cs);\n",
    "prefixes": [
        "libcamera-devel",
        "v4"
    ]
}