diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.cpp b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.cpp
index 9a1ebc8..2557320 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.cpp
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ using namespace libcamera;
 LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(V4L2Compat);
 
 V4L2Camera::V4L2Camera(std::shared_ptr<Camera> camera)
-	: camera_(camera), isRunning_(false), bufferAllocator_(nullptr)
+	: camera_(camera), isRunning_(false), bufferAllocator_(nullptr),
+	  efd_(-1)
 {
 	camera_->requestCompleted.connect(this, &V4L2Camera::requestComplete);
 }
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ V4L2Camera::~V4L2Camera()
 
 int V4L2Camera::open()
 {
-	/* \todo Support multiple open. */
 	if (camera_->acquire() < 0) {
 		LOG(V4L2Compat, Error) << "Failed to acquire camera";
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ void V4L2Camera::bind(int efd)
 	efd_ = efd;
 }
 
+void V4L2Camera::unbind()
+{
+	efd_ = -1;
+}
+
 void V4L2Camera::getStreamConfig(StreamConfiguration *streamConfig)
 {
 	*streamConfig = config_->at(0);
diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.h b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.h
index 33f5eb0..30114ed 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.h
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ public:
 	int open();
 	void close();
 	void bind(int efd);
+	void unbind();
 	void getStreamConfig(StreamConfiguration *streamConfig);
 	std::vector<Buffer> completedBuffers();
 
diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_file.cpp b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_file.cpp
index 8916729..d07b936 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_file.cpp
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_file.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ V4L2CameraFile::V4L2CameraFile(int efd, bool nonBlocking, V4L2CameraProxy *proxy
 	: priority_(V4L2_PRIORITY_DEFAULT), proxy_(proxy),
 	  nonBlocking_(nonBlocking), efd_(efd)
 {
-	proxy_->open(nonBlocking);
+	proxy_->open(this);
 }
 
 V4L2CameraFile::~V4L2CameraFile()
 {
-	proxy_->close();
+	proxy_->close(this);
 }
 
 V4L2CameraProxy *V4L2CameraFile::proxy()
diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.cpp b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.cpp
index bf47aa7..f06f58d 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.cpp
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "libcamera/internal/utils.h"
 
 #include "v4l2_camera.h"
+#include "v4l2_camera_file.h"
 #include "v4l2_compat_manager.h"
 
 #define KERNEL_VERSION(a, b, c) (((a) << 16) + ((b) << 8) + (c))
@@ -34,45 +35,57 @@ LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(V4L2Compat);
 V4L2CameraProxy::V4L2CameraProxy(unsigned int index,
 				 std::shared_ptr<Camera> camera)
 	: refcount_(0), index_(index), bufferCount_(0), currentBuf_(0),
-	  vcam_(std::make_unique<V4L2Camera>(camera))
+	  vcam_(std::make_unique<V4L2Camera>(camera)), efd_(-1),
+	  acquiredCf_(nullptr), initialized_(false)
 {
 	querycap(camera);
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::open(bool nonBlocking)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::open(V4L2CameraFile *cf)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing open";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing open fd = " << cf->efd();
 
-	int ret = vcam_->open();
-	if (ret < 0) {
-		errno = -ret;
-		return -1;
-	}
+	refcount_++;
+
+	if (initialized_)
+		return 0;
 
-	nonBlocking_ = nonBlocking;
+	/*
+	 * We will open the camera here, once, and keep it open until the last
+	 * V4L2CameraFile is closed. Before any reqbufs with count > 0 is
+	 * called, anybody can call any ioctl. Once reqbufs is called with
+	 * count > 0, the * exclusive lock will be assigned to that
+	 * V4L2CameraFile, in acquiredCf_. At this point, no other fd can call
+	 * any ioctl (except for querycap, try_fmt, g/s_priority, and
+	 * enum/g/s_input), and they will return -EBUSY. After reqbufs is
+	 * called with count = 0, the exclusive lock will be released.
+	 */
+
+	initialized_ = true;
+
+	int ret = vcam_->open();
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	vcam_->getStreamConfig(&streamConfig_);
 	setFmtFromConfig(streamConfig_);
 	sizeimage_ = calculateSizeImage(streamConfig_);
 
-	refcount_++;
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void V4L2CameraProxy::dup()
+void V4L2CameraProxy::close(V4L2CameraFile *cf)
 {
-	refcount_++;
-}
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing close fd = " << cf->efd();
 
-void V4L2CameraProxy::close()
-{
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing close";
+	unlock(cf);
 
 	if (--refcount_ > 0)
 		return;
 
 	vcam_->close();
+
+	initialized_ = false;
 }
 
 void *V4L2CameraProxy::mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags,
@@ -221,9 +234,10 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_querycap(struct v4l2_capability *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_enum_fmt(struct v4l2_fmtdesc *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_enum_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_fmtdesc *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_enum_fmt";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_enum_fmt fd = " << cf->efd();
+
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type) ||
 	    arg->index >= streamConfig_.formats().pixelformats().size())
@@ -237,9 +251,10 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_enum_fmt(struct v4l2_fmtdesc *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_g_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_g_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_format *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_g_fmt";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_g_fmt fd = " << cf->efd();
+
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -275,9 +290,13 @@ void V4L2CameraProxy::tryFormat(struct v4l2_format *arg)
 	arg->fmt.pix.colorspace   = V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_s_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_s_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_format *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_s_fmt";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_s_fmt fd = " << cf->efd();
+
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -285,9 +304,9 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_s_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg)
 	tryFormat(arg);
 
 	Size size(arg->fmt.pix.width, arg->fmt.pix.height);
-	int ret = vcam_->configure(&streamConfig_, size,
-				   v4l2ToDrm(arg->fmt.pix.pixelformat),
-				   bufferCount_);
+	ret = vcam_->configure(&streamConfig_, size,
+			       v4l2ToDrm(arg->fmt.pix.pixelformat),
+			       bufferCount_);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
@@ -302,9 +321,9 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_s_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_try_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_try_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_format *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_try_fmt";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_try_fmt fd = " << cf->efd();
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -329,11 +348,13 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::freeBuffers()
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_reqbufs(struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_reqbufs(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg)
 {
-	int ret;
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_reqbufs fd = " << cf->efd();
 
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_reqbufs";
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type) ||
 	    !validateMemoryType(arg->memory))
@@ -342,9 +363,21 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_reqbufs(struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg)
 	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << arg->count << " buffers requested ";
 
 	arg->capabilities = V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_MMAP;
+	memset(arg->reserved, 0, sizeof(arg->reserved));
 
-	if (arg->count == 0)
+	if (arg->count == 0) {
+		unlock(cf);
 		return freeBuffers();
+	}
+
+	if (bufferCount_ > 0) {
+		ret = freeBuffers();
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			LOG(V4L2Compat, Error)
+				<< "Failed to free libcamera buffers for re-reqbufs";
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
 
 	Size size(curV4L2Format_.fmt.pix.width, curV4L2Format_.fmt.pix.height);
 	ret = vcam_->configure(&streamConfig_, size,
@@ -387,6 +420,7 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_reqbufs(struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg)
 		buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
 		buf.m.offset = i * curV4L2Format_.fmt.pix.sizeimage;
 		buf.index = i;
+		buf.flags = V4L2_BUF_FLAG_TIMESTAMP_MONOTONIC;
 
 		buffers_[i] = buf;
 	}
@@ -396,9 +430,13 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_reqbufs(struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_querybuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_querybuf(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_querybuf";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_querybuf fd = " << cf->efd();
+
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type) ||
 	    arg->index >= bufferCount_)
@@ -411,17 +449,21 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_querybuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_qbuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_qbuf(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
 {
 	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_qbuf, index = "
-			       << arg->index;
+			       << arg->index << " fd = " << cf->efd();
+
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type) ||
 	    !validateMemoryType(arg->memory) ||
 	    arg->index >= bufferCount_)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	int ret = vcam_->qbuf(arg->index);
+	ret = vcam_->qbuf(arg->index);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -431,15 +473,19 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_qbuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_dqbuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_dqbuf(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_dqbuf";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_dqbuf fd = " << cf->efd();
+
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(arg->type) ||
 	    !validateMemoryType(arg->memory))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (!nonBlocking_)
+	if (!(cf->nonBlocking()))
 		vcam_->bufferSema_.acquire();
 	else if (!vcam_->bufferSema_.tryAcquire())
 		return -EAGAIN;
@@ -455,16 +501,20 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_dqbuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg)
 	currentBuf_ = (currentBuf_ + 1) % bufferCount_;
 
 	uint64_t data;
-	int ret = ::read(efd_, &data, sizeof(data));
+	ret = ::read(efd_, &data, sizeof(data));
 	if (ret != sizeof(data))
 		LOG(V4L2Compat, Error) << "Failed to clear eventfd POLLIN";
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_streamon(int *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_streamon(V4L2CameraFile *cf, int *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_streamon";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_streamon fd = " << cf->efd();
+
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(*arg))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -474,14 +524,18 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_streamon(int *arg)
 	return vcam_->streamOn();
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_streamoff(int *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_streamoff(V4L2CameraFile *cf, int *arg)
 {
-	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_streamoff";
+	LOG(V4L2Compat, Debug) << "Servicing vidioc_streamoff fd = " << cf->efd();
+
+	int ret = lock(cf);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 
 	if (!validateBufferType(*arg))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	int ret = vcam_->streamOff();
+	ret = vcam_->streamOff();
 
 	for (struct v4l2_buffer &buf : buffers_)
 		buf.flags &= ~(V4L2_BUF_FLAG_QUEUED | V4L2_BUF_FLAG_DONE);
@@ -489,7 +543,7 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::vidioc_streamoff(int *arg)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int V4L2CameraProxy::ioctl(unsigned long request, void *arg)
+int V4L2CameraProxy::ioctl(V4L2CameraFile *cf, unsigned long request, void *arg)
 {
 	int ret;
 	switch (request) {
@@ -497,34 +551,34 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::ioctl(unsigned long request, void *arg)
 		ret = vidioc_querycap(static_cast<struct v4l2_capability *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT:
-		ret = vidioc_enum_fmt(static_cast<struct v4l2_fmtdesc *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_enum_fmt(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_fmtdesc *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_G_FMT:
-		ret = vidioc_g_fmt(static_cast<struct v4l2_format *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_g_fmt(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_format *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_S_FMT:
-		ret = vidioc_s_fmt(static_cast<struct v4l2_format *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_s_fmt(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_format *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_TRY_FMT:
-		ret = vidioc_try_fmt(static_cast<struct v4l2_format *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_try_fmt(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_format *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_REQBUFS:
-		ret = vidioc_reqbufs(static_cast<struct v4l2_requestbuffers *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_reqbufs(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_requestbuffers *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_QUERYBUF:
-		ret = vidioc_querybuf(static_cast<struct v4l2_buffer *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_querybuf(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_buffer *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_QBUF:
-		ret = vidioc_qbuf(static_cast<struct v4l2_buffer *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_qbuf(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_buffer *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_DQBUF:
-		ret = vidioc_dqbuf(static_cast<struct v4l2_buffer *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_dqbuf(cf, static_cast<struct v4l2_buffer *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_STREAMON:
-		ret = vidioc_streamon(static_cast<int *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_streamon(cf, static_cast<int *>(arg));
 		break;
 	case VIDIOC_STREAMOFF:
-		ret = vidioc_streamoff(static_cast<int *>(arg));
+		ret = vidioc_streamoff(cf, static_cast<int *>(arg));
 		break;
 	default:
 		ret = -ENOTTY;
@@ -539,10 +593,37 @@ int V4L2CameraProxy::ioctl(unsigned long request, void *arg)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void V4L2CameraProxy::bind(int fd)
+/**
+ * \brief Acquire an exclusive lock on the V4L2Camera
+ *
+ * \return Zero on success or if already acquired, and negative error on
+ * failure.
+ */
+int V4L2CameraProxy::lock(V4L2CameraFile *cf)
+{
+	if (acquiredCf_ == cf)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (acquiredCf_)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	efd_ = cf->efd();
+	vcam_->bind(efd_);
+
+	acquiredCf_ = cf;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void V4L2CameraProxy::unlock(V4L2CameraFile *cf)
 {
-	efd_ = fd;
-	vcam_->bind(fd);
+	if (acquiredCf_ != cf)
+		return;
+
+	efd_ = -1;
+	vcam_->unbind();
+
+	acquiredCf_ = nullptr;
 }
 
 struct PixelFormatPlaneInfo {
diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.h b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.h
index 27d3e50..43290ca 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.h
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_camera_proxy.h
@@ -21,20 +21,19 @@
 
 using namespace libcamera;
 
+class V4L2CameraFile;
+
 class V4L2CameraProxy
 {
 public:
 	V4L2CameraProxy(unsigned int index, std::shared_ptr<Camera> camera);
 
-	int open(bool nonBlocking);
-	void dup();
-	void close();
+	int open(V4L2CameraFile *cfile);
+	void close(V4L2CameraFile *cf);
 	void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, off64_t offset);
 	int munmap(void *addr, size_t length);
 
-	int ioctl(unsigned long request, void *arg);
-
-	void bind(int fd);
+	int ioctl(V4L2CameraFile *cf, unsigned long request, void *arg);
 
 private:
 	bool validateBufferType(uint32_t type);
@@ -47,16 +46,19 @@ private:
 	int freeBuffers();
 
 	int vidioc_querycap(struct v4l2_capability *arg);
-	int vidioc_enum_fmt(struct v4l2_fmtdesc *arg);
-	int vidioc_g_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg);
-	int vidioc_s_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg);
-	int vidioc_try_fmt(struct v4l2_format *arg);
-	int vidioc_reqbufs(struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg);
-	int vidioc_querybuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg);
-	int vidioc_qbuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg);
-	int vidioc_dqbuf(struct v4l2_buffer *arg);
-	int vidioc_streamon(int *arg);
-	int vidioc_streamoff(int *arg);
+	int vidioc_enum_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_fmtdesc *arg);
+	int vidioc_g_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_format *arg);
+	int vidioc_s_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_format *arg);
+	int vidioc_try_fmt(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_format *arg);
+	int vidioc_reqbufs(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_requestbuffers *arg);
+	int vidioc_querybuf(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_buffer *arg);
+	int vidioc_qbuf(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_buffer *arg);
+	int vidioc_dqbuf(V4L2CameraFile *cf, struct v4l2_buffer *arg);
+	int vidioc_streamon(V4L2CameraFile *cf, int *arg);
+	int vidioc_streamoff(V4L2CameraFile *cf, int *arg);
+
+	int lock(V4L2CameraFile *cf);
+	void unlock(V4L2CameraFile *cf);
 
 	static unsigned int bplMultiplier(uint32_t format);
 	static unsigned int imageSize(uint32_t format, unsigned int width,
@@ -67,7 +69,6 @@ private:
 
 	unsigned int refcount_;
 	unsigned int index_;
-	bool nonBlocking_;
 
 	struct v4l2_format curV4L2Format_;
 	StreamConfiguration streamConfig_;
@@ -82,6 +83,18 @@ private:
 	std::unique_ptr<V4L2Camera> vcam_;
 
 	int efd_;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is an exclusive lock on the camera. When this is not taken,
+	 * anybody can call any ioctl before reqbufs. reqbufs with count > 0
+	 * will claim this lock, and reqbufs with count = 0 will release it.
+	 * Any ioctl is called while the lock is taken will return -EBUSY
+	 * (if applicable, eg. try_fmt, querycap, g/s_priority, and
+	 * enum/g/s_input are exempt).
+	 */
+	V4L2CameraFile *acquiredCf_;
+
+	bool initialized_;
 };
 
 #endif /* __V4L2_CAMERA_PROXY_H__ */
diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.cpp b/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.cpp
index 8da3316..9cede76 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 #include "libcamera/internal/log.h"
 
+#include "v4l2_camera_file.h"
+
 using namespace libcamera;
 
 LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(V4L2Compat)
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ V4L2CompatManager::V4L2CompatManager()
 
 V4L2CompatManager::~V4L2CompatManager()
 {
-	devices_.clear();
+	cameraFiles_.clear();
 	mmaps_.clear();
 
 	if (cm_) {
@@ -95,13 +97,13 @@ V4L2CompatManager *V4L2CompatManager::instance()
 	return &instance;
 }
 
-V4L2CameraProxy *V4L2CompatManager::getProxy(int fd)
+std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile> V4L2CompatManager::getCameraFile(int fd)
 {
-	auto device = devices_.find(fd);
-	if (device == devices_.end())
-		return nullptr;
+	auto cameraFile = cameraFiles_.find(fd);
+	if (cameraFile == cameraFiles_.end())
+		return std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile>();
 
-	return device->second;
+	return cameraFile->second;
 }
 
 int V4L2CompatManager::getCameraIndex(int fd)
@@ -148,25 +150,17 @@ int V4L2CompatManager::openat(int dirfd, const char *path, int oflag, mode_t mod
 
 	fops_.close(fd);
 
-	unsigned int camera_index = static_cast<unsigned int>(ret);
-
-	V4L2CameraProxy *proxy = proxies_[camera_index].get();
-	ret = proxy->open(oflag & O_NONBLOCK);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ret;
-
 	int efd = eventfd(0, EFD_SEMAPHORE |
 			     ((oflag & O_CLOEXEC) ? EFD_CLOEXEC : 0) |
 			     ((oflag & O_NONBLOCK) ? EFD_NONBLOCK : 0));
-	if (efd < 0) {
-		int err = errno;
-		proxy->close();
-		errno = err;
+	if (efd < 0)
 		return efd;
-	}
 
-	proxy->bind(efd);
-	devices_.emplace(efd, proxy);
+	unsigned int camera_index = static_cast<unsigned int>(ret);
+
+	V4L2CameraProxy *proxy = proxies_[camera_index].get();
+
+	cameraFiles_.emplace(efd, std::make_shared<V4L2CameraFile>(efd, oflag & O_NONBLOCK, proxy));
 
 	return efd;
 }
@@ -177,40 +171,39 @@ int V4L2CompatManager::dup(int oldfd)
 	if (newfd < 0)
 		return newfd;
 
-	auto device = devices_.find(oldfd);
-	if (device != devices_.end()) {
-		V4L2CameraProxy *proxy = device->second;
-		devices_[newfd] = proxy;
-		proxy->dup();
-	}
+	auto cameraFile = cameraFiles_.find(oldfd);
+	if (cameraFile != cameraFiles_.end())
+		cameraFiles_[newfd] = cameraFile->second;
 
 	return newfd;
 }
 
 int V4L2CompatManager::close(int fd)
 {
-	V4L2CameraProxy *proxy = getProxy(fd);
-	if (proxy) {
-		proxy->close();
-		devices_.erase(fd);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile> cameraFile = getCameraFile(fd);
+	if (cameraFile)
+		cameraFiles_.erase(fd);
 
+	/* We still need to close the eventfd. */
 	return fops_.close(fd);
 }
 
 void *V4L2CompatManager::mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags,
 			      int fd, off64_t offset)
 {
-	V4L2CameraProxy *proxy = getProxy(fd);
-	if (!proxy)
+	std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile> cameraFile = getCameraFile(fd);
+	if (!cameraFile)
 		return fops_.mmap(addr, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
 
-	void *map = proxy->mmap(addr, length, prot, flags, offset);
+	void *map = cameraFile->proxy()->mmap(addr, length, prot, flags, offset);
 	if (map == MAP_FAILED)
 		return map;
 
-	mmaps_[map] = proxy;
+	/*
+	 * Map to V4L2CameraProxy directly to prevent adding more references
+	 * to V4L2CameraFile.
+	 */
+	mmaps_[map] = cameraFile->proxy();
 	return map;
 }
 
@@ -233,9 +226,9 @@ int V4L2CompatManager::munmap(void *addr, size_t length)
 
 int V4L2CompatManager::ioctl(int fd, unsigned long request, void *arg)
 {
-	V4L2CameraProxy *proxy = getProxy(fd);
-	if (!proxy)
+	std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile> cameraFile = getCameraFile(fd);
+	if (!cameraFile)
 		return fops_.ioctl(fd, request, arg);
 
-	return proxy->ioctl(request, arg);
+	return cameraFile->proxy()->ioctl(cameraFile.get(), request, arg);
 }
diff --git a/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.h b/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.h
index 3d4e512..b92f147 100644
--- a/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.h
+++ b/src/v4l2/v4l2_compat_manager.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public:
 
 	static V4L2CompatManager *instance();
 
-	V4L2CameraProxy *getProxy(int fd);
+	std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile> getCameraFile(int fd);
 	const FileOperations &fops() const { return fops_; }
 
 	int openat(int dirfd, const char *path, int oflag, mode_t mode);
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ private:
 	CameraManager *cm_;
 
 	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<V4L2CameraProxy>> proxies_;
-	std::map<int, V4L2CameraProxy *> devices_;
+	std::map<int, std::shared_ptr<V4L2CameraFile>> cameraFiles_;
 	std::map<void *, V4L2CameraProxy *> mmaps_;
 };
 
