diff --git a/Documentation/Doxyfile-internal.in b/Documentation/Doxyfile-internal.in
index b5ad7e7ff6c7..5343bc2b131c 100644
--- a/Documentation/Doxyfile-internal.in
+++ b/Documentation/Doxyfile-internal.in
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ EXCLUDE                = @TOP_SRCDIR@/include/libcamera/base/span.h \
                          @TOP_SRCDIR@/src/libcamera/ipc_pipe_unixsocket.cpp \
                          @TOP_SRCDIR@/src/libcamera/pipeline/ \
                          @TOP_SRCDIR@/src/libcamera/sensor/camera_sensor_legacy.cpp \
+                         @TOP_SRCDIR@/src/libcamera/sensor/camera_sensor_raw.cpp \
                          @TOP_SRCDIR@/src/libcamera/tracepoints.cpp \
                          @TOP_BUILDDIR@/include/libcamera/internal/tracepoints.h \
                          @TOP_BUILDDIR@/include/libcamera/ipa/soft_ipa_interface.h \
diff --git a/src/libcamera/sensor/camera_sensor_raw.cpp b/src/libcamera/sensor/camera_sensor_raw.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c653121d547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libcamera/sensor/camera_sensor_raw.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024, Ideas on Board Oy.
+ *
+ * camera_sensor_raw.cpp - A raw camera sensor using the V4L2 streams API
+ */
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <libcamera/base/class.h>
+#include <libcamera/base/log.h>
+#include <libcamera/base/utils.h>
+
+#include <libcamera/camera.h>
+#include <libcamera/control_ids.h>
+#include <libcamera/controls.h>
+#include <libcamera/geometry.h>
+#include <libcamera/orientation.h>
+#include <libcamera/property_ids.h>
+#include <libcamera/transform.h>
+
+#include <libcamera/ipa/core_ipa_interface.h>
+
+#include "libcamera/internal/bayer_format.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/camera_lens.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/camera_sensor.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/camera_sensor_properties.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/formats.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/media_device.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/sysfs.h"
+#include "libcamera/internal/v4l2_subdevice.h"
+
+namespace libcamera {
+
+class BayerFormat;
+class CameraLens;
+class MediaEntity;
+class SensorConfiguration;
+
+struct CameraSensorProperties;
+
+enum class Orientation;
+
+LOG_DECLARE_CATEGORY(CameraSensor)
+
+class CameraSensorRaw : public CameraSensor, protected Loggable
+{
+public:
+	CameraSensorRaw(const MediaEntity *entity);
+	~CameraSensorRaw();
+
+	static std::variant<std::unique_ptr<CameraSensor>, int>
+	match(MediaEntity *entity);
+
+	const std::string &model() const override { return model_; }
+	const std::string &id() const override { return id_; }
+
+	const MediaEntity *entity() const override { return entity_; }
+	V4L2Subdevice *device() override { return subdev_.get(); }
+
+	CameraLens *focusLens() override { return focusLens_.get(); }
+
+	const std::vector<unsigned int> &mbusCodes() const override { return mbusCodes_; }
+	std::vector<Size> sizes(unsigned int mbusCode) const override;
+	Size resolution() const override;
+
+	V4L2SubdeviceFormat getFormat(const std::vector<unsigned int> &mbusCodes,
+				      const Size &size) const override;
+	int setFormat(V4L2SubdeviceFormat *format,
+		      Transform transform = Transform::Identity) override;
+	int tryFormat(V4L2SubdeviceFormat *format) const override;
+
+	int applyConfiguration(const SensorConfiguration &config,
+			       Transform transform = Transform::Identity,
+			       V4L2SubdeviceFormat *sensorFormat = nullptr) override;
+
+	const ControlList &properties() const override { return properties_; }
+	int sensorInfo(IPACameraSensorInfo *info) const override;
+	Transform computeTransform(Orientation *orientation) const override;
+	BayerFormat::Order bayerOrder(Transform t) const override;
+
+	const ControlInfoMap &controls() const override;
+	ControlList getControls(const std::vector<uint32_t> &ids) override;
+	int setControls(ControlList *ctrls) override;
+
+	const std::vector<controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum> &
+	testPatternModes() const override { return testPatternModes_; }
+	int setTestPatternMode(controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum mode) override;
+
+protected:
+	std::string logPrefix() const override;
+
+private:
+	LIBCAMERA_DISABLE_COPY(CameraSensorRaw)
+
+	std::optional<int> init();
+	int initProperties();
+	void initStaticProperties();
+	void initTestPatternModes();
+	int applyTestPatternMode(controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum mode);
+
+	const MediaEntity *entity_;
+	std::unique_ptr<V4L2Subdevice> subdev_;
+
+	struct Streams {
+		V4L2Subdevice::Stream sink;
+		V4L2Subdevice::Stream source;
+	};
+
+	struct {
+		Streams image;
+		std::optional<Streams> edata;
+	} streams_;
+
+	const CameraSensorProperties *staticProps_;
+
+	std::string model_;
+	std::string id_;
+
+	V4L2Subdevice::Formats formats_;
+	std::vector<unsigned int> mbusCodes_;
+	std::vector<Size> sizes_;
+	std::vector<controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum> testPatternModes_;
+	controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum testPatternMode_;
+
+	Size pixelArraySize_;
+	Rectangle activeArea_;
+	BayerFormat::Order cfaPattern_;
+	bool supportFlips_;
+	bool flipsAlterBayerOrder_;
+	Orientation mountingOrientation_;
+
+	ControlList properties_;
+
+	std::unique_ptr<CameraLens> focusLens_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \class CameraSensorRaw
+ * \brief A camera sensor based on V4L2 subdevices
+ *
+ * This class supports single-subdev sensors with a single source pad and one
+ * or two internal sink pads (for the image and embedded data streams).
+ */
+
+CameraSensorRaw::CameraSensorRaw(const MediaEntity *entity)
+	: entity_(entity), staticProps_(nullptr), supportFlips_(false),
+	  flipsAlterBayerOrder_(false), properties_(properties::properties)
+{
+}
+
+CameraSensorRaw::~CameraSensorRaw() = default;
+
+std::variant<std::unique_ptr<CameraSensor>, int>
+CameraSensorRaw::match(MediaEntity *entity)
+{
+	/* Check the entity type. */
+	if (entity->type() != MediaEntity::Type::V4L2Subdevice ||
+	    entity->function() != MEDIA_ENT_F_CAM_SENSOR) {
+		libcamera::LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+			<< entity->name() << ": unsupported entity type ("
+			<< utils::to_underlying(entity->type())
+			<< ") or function (" << utils::hex(entity->function()) << ")";
+		return { 0 };
+	}
+
+	/* Count and check the number of pads. */
+	static constexpr uint32_t kPadFlagsMask = MEDIA_PAD_FL_SINK
+						| MEDIA_PAD_FL_SOURCE
+						| MEDIA_PAD_FL_INTERNAL;
+	unsigned int numSinks = 0;
+	unsigned int numSources = 0;
+
+	for (const MediaPad *pad : entity->pads()) {
+		switch (pad->flags() & kPadFlagsMask) {
+		case MEDIA_PAD_FL_SINK | MEDIA_PAD_FL_INTERNAL:
+			numSinks++;
+			break;
+
+		case MEDIA_PAD_FL_SOURCE:
+			numSources++;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			libcamera::LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+				<< entity->name() << ": unsupported pad " << pad->index()
+				<< " type " << utils::hex(pad->flags());
+			return { 0 };
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (numSinks < 1 || numSinks > 2 || numSources != 1) {
+		libcamera::LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+			<< entity->name() << ": unsupported number of sinks ("
+			<< numSinks << ") or sources (" << numSources << ")";
+		return { 0 };
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The entity matches. Create the camera sensor and initialize it. The
+	 * init() function will perform further match checks.
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<CameraSensorRaw> sensor =
+		std::make_unique<CameraSensorRaw>(entity);
+
+	std::optional<int> err = sensor->init();
+	if (err)
+		return { *err };
+
+	return { std::move(sensor) };
+}
+
+std::optional<int> CameraSensorRaw::init()
+{
+	/* Create and open the subdev. */
+	subdev_ = std::make_unique<V4L2Subdevice>(entity_);
+	int ret = subdev_->open();
+	if (ret)
+		return { ret };
+
+	/*
+	 * 1. Identify the pads.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * First locate the source pad. The match() function guarantees there
+	 * is one and only one source pad.
+	 */
+	unsigned int sourcePad = UINT_MAX;
+
+	for (const MediaPad *pad : entity_->pads()) {
+		if (pad->flags() & MEDIA_PAD_FL_SOURCE) {
+			sourcePad = pad->index();
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Iterate over the routes to identify the streams on the source pad,
+	 * and the internal sink pads.
+	 */
+	V4L2Subdevice::Routing routing = {};
+	ret = subdev_->getRouting(&routing, V4L2Subdevice::TryFormat);
+	if (ret)
+		return { ret };
+
+	bool imageStreamFound = false;
+
+	for (const V4L2Subdevice::Route &route : routing) {
+		if (route.source.pad != sourcePad) {
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "Invalid route " << route;
+			return { -EINVAL };
+		}
+
+		/* Identify the stream type based on the supported formats. */
+		V4L2Subdevice::Formats formats = subdev_->formats(route.source);
+
+		std::optional<MediaBusFormatInfo::Type> type;
+
+		for (const auto &[code, sizes] : formats) {
+			const MediaBusFormatInfo &info =
+				MediaBusFormatInfo::info(code);
+			if (info.isValid()) {
+				type = info.type;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!type) {
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Warning)
+				<< "No known format on pad " << route.source;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		switch (*type) {
+		case MediaBusFormatInfo::Type::Image:
+			if (imageStreamFound) {
+				LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+					<< "Multiple internal image streams ("
+					<< streams_.image.sink << " and "
+					<< route.sink << ")";
+				return { -EINVAL };
+			}
+
+			imageStreamFound = true;
+			streams_.image.sink = route.sink;
+			streams_.image.source = route.source;
+			break;
+
+		case MediaBusFormatInfo::Type::Metadata:
+			/*
+			 * Skip metadata streams that are not sensor embedded
+			 * data. The source stream reports a generic metadata
+			 * format, check the sink stream for the exact format.
+			 */
+			formats = subdev_->formats(route.sink);
+			if (formats.size() != 1)
+				continue;
+
+			if (MediaBusFormatInfo::info(formats.cbegin()->first).type !=
+			    MediaBusFormatInfo::Type::EmbeddedData)
+				continue;
+
+			if (streams_.edata) {
+				LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+					<< "Multiple internal embedded data streams ("
+					<< streams_.edata->sink << " and "
+					<< route.sink << ")";
+				return { -EINVAL };
+			}
+
+			streams_.edata = { route.sink, route.source };
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!imageStreamFound) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "No image stream found";
+		return { -EINVAL };
+	}
+
+	LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+		<< "Found image stream " << streams_.image.sink
+		<< " -> " << streams_.image.source;
+
+	if (streams_.edata)
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+			<< "Found embedded data stream " << streams_.edata->sink
+			<< " -> " << streams_.edata->source;
+
+	/*
+	 * 2. Enumerate and cache the media bus codes, sizes and colour filter
+	 * array order for the image stream.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the native sensor CFA pattern. It is simpler to retrieve it from
+	 * the internal image sink pad as it is guaranteed to expose a single
+	 * format, and is not affected by flips.
+	 */
+	V4L2Subdevice::Formats formats = subdev_->formats(streams_.image.sink);
+	if (formats.size() != 1) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "Image pad has " << formats.size()
+			<< " formats, expected 1";
+		return { -EINVAL };
+	}
+
+	uint32_t nativeFormat = formats.cbegin()->first;
+	const BayerFormat &bayerFormat = BayerFormat::fromMbusCode(nativeFormat);
+	if (!bayerFormat.isValid()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "Invalid native format " << nativeFormat;
+		return { 0 };
+	}
+
+	cfaPattern_ = bayerFormat.order;
+
+	/*
+	 * Retrieve and cache the media bus codes and sizes on the source image
+	 * stream.
+	 */
+	formats_ = subdev_->formats(streams_.image.source);
+	if (formats_.empty()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "No image format found";
+		return { -EINVAL };
+	}
+
+	/* Populate and sort the media bus codes and the sizes. */
+	for (const auto &[code, ranges] : formats_) {
+		/* Drop non-raw formats (in case we have a hybrid sensor). */
+		const MediaBusFormatInfo &info = MediaBusFormatInfo::info(code);
+		if (info.colourEncoding != PixelFormatInfo::ColourEncodingRAW)
+			continue;
+
+		mbusCodes_.push_back(code);
+		std::transform(ranges.begin(), ranges.end(), std::back_inserter(sizes_),
+			       [](const SizeRange &range) { return range.max; });
+	}
+
+	if (mbusCodes_.empty()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Debug) << "No raw image formats found";
+		return { 0 };
+	}
+
+	std::sort(mbusCodes_.begin(), mbusCodes_.end());
+	std::sort(sizes_.begin(), sizes_.end());
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove duplicate sizes. There are no duplicate media bus codes as
+	 * they are the keys in the formats map.
+	 */
+	auto last = std::unique(sizes_.begin(), sizes_.end());
+	sizes_.erase(last, sizes_.end());
+
+	/*
+	 * 3. Query selection rectangles. Retrieve properties, and verify that
+	 * all the expected selection rectangles are supported.
+	 */
+
+	Rectangle rect;
+	ret = subdev_->getSelection(streams_.image.sink, V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_BOUNDS,
+				    &rect);
+	if (ret) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "No pixel array crop bounds";
+		return { ret };
+	}
+
+	pixelArraySize_ = rect.size();
+
+	ret = subdev_->getSelection(streams_.image.sink, V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_DEFAULT,
+				    &activeArea_);
+	if (ret) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "No pixel array crop default";
+		return { ret };
+	}
+
+	ret = subdev_->getSelection(streams_.image.sink, V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP,
+				    &rect);
+	if (ret) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "No pixel array crop rectangle";
+		return { ret };
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * 4. Verify that all required controls are present.
+	 */
+
+	const ControlIdMap &controls = subdev_->controls().idmap();
+
+	static constexpr uint32_t mandatoryControls[] = {
+		V4L2_CID_ANALOGUE_GAIN,
+		V4L2_CID_CAMERA_ORIENTATION,
+		V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE,
+		V4L2_CID_HBLANK,
+		V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE,
+		V4L2_CID_VBLANK,
+	};
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+	for (uint32_t ctrl : mandatoryControls) {
+		if (!controls.count(ctrl)) {
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+				<< "Mandatory V4L2 control " << utils::hex(ctrl)
+				<< " not available";
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ret) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "The sensor kernel driver needs to be fixed";
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "See Documentation/sensor_driver_requirements.rst in the libcamera sources for more information";
+		return { ret };
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Verify if sensor supports horizontal/vertical flips
+	 *
+	 * \todo Handle horizontal and vertical flips independently.
+	 */
+	const struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl *hflipInfo = subdev_->controlInfo(V4L2_CID_HFLIP);
+	const struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl *vflipInfo = subdev_->controlInfo(V4L2_CID_VFLIP);
+	if (hflipInfo && !(hflipInfo->flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY) &&
+	    vflipInfo && !(vflipInfo->flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY)) {
+		supportFlips_ = true;
+
+		if (hflipInfo->flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_MODIFY_LAYOUT ||
+		    vflipInfo->flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_MODIFY_LAYOUT)
+			flipsAlterBayerOrder_ = true;
+	}
+
+	if (!supportFlips_)
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+			<< "Camera sensor does not support horizontal/vertical flip";
+
+	/*
+	 * 5. Discover ancillary devices.
+	 *
+	 * \todo This code may be shared by different V4L2 sensor classes.
+	 */
+	for (MediaEntity *ancillary : entity_->ancillaryEntities()) {
+		switch (ancillary->function()) {
+		case MEDIA_ENT_F_LENS:
+			focusLens_ = std::make_unique<CameraLens>(ancillary);
+			ret = focusLens_->init();
+			if (ret) {
+				LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+					<< "Lens initialisation failed, lens disabled";
+				focusLens_.reset();
+			}
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Warning)
+				<< "Unsupported ancillary entity function "
+				<< ancillary->function();
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * 6. Initialize properties.
+	 */
+
+	ret = initProperties();
+	if (ret)
+		return { ret };
+
+	/*
+	 * 7. Initialize controls.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Set HBLANK to the minimum to start with a well-defined line length,
+	 * allowing IPA modules that do not modify HBLANK to use the sensor
+	 * minimum line length in their calculations.
+	 */
+	const struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl *hblankInfo = subdev_->controlInfo(V4L2_CID_HBLANK);
+	if (hblankInfo && !(hblankInfo->flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY)) {
+		ControlList ctrl(subdev_->controls());
+
+		ctrl.set(V4L2_CID_HBLANK, static_cast<int32_t>(hblankInfo->minimum));
+		ret = subdev_->setControls(&ctrl);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = applyTestPatternMode(controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum::TestPatternModeOff);
+	if (ret)
+		return { ret };
+
+	return {};
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::initProperties()
+{
+	model_ = subdev_->model();
+	properties_.set(properties::Model, utils::toAscii(model_));
+
+	/* Generate a unique ID for the sensor. */
+	id_ = sysfs::firmwareNodePath(subdev_->devicePath());
+	if (id_.empty()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "Can't generate sensor ID";
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Initialize the static properties from the sensor database. */
+	initStaticProperties();
+
+	/* Retrieve and register properties from the kernel interface. */
+	const ControlInfoMap &controls = subdev_->controls();
+
+	const auto &orientation = controls.find(V4L2_CID_CAMERA_ORIENTATION);
+	if (orientation != controls.end()) {
+		int32_t v4l2Orientation = orientation->second.def().get<int32_t>();
+		int32_t propertyValue;
+
+		switch (v4l2Orientation) {
+		default:
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Warning)
+				<< "Unsupported camera location "
+				<< v4l2Orientation << ", setting to External";
+			[[fallthrough]];
+		case V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_EXTERNAL:
+			propertyValue = properties::CameraLocationExternal;
+			break;
+		case V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_FRONT:
+			propertyValue = properties::CameraLocationFront;
+			break;
+		case V4L2_CAMERA_ORIENTATION_BACK:
+			propertyValue = properties::CameraLocationBack;
+			break;
+		}
+		properties_.set(properties::Location, propertyValue);
+	} else {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Warning) << "Failed to retrieve the camera location";
+	}
+
+	const auto &rotationControl = controls.find(V4L2_CID_CAMERA_SENSOR_ROTATION);
+	if (rotationControl != controls.end()) {
+		int32_t propertyValue = rotationControl->second.def().get<int32_t>();
+
+		/*
+		 * Cache the Transform associated with the camera mounting
+		 * rotation for later use in computeTransform().
+		 */
+		bool success;
+		mountingOrientation_ = orientationFromRotation(propertyValue, &success);
+		if (!success) {
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Warning)
+				<< "Invalid rotation of " << propertyValue
+				<< " degrees - ignoring";
+			mountingOrientation_ = Orientation::Rotate0;
+		}
+
+		properties_.set(properties::Rotation, propertyValue);
+	} else {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Warning)
+			<< "Rotation control not available, default to 0 degrees";
+		properties_.set(properties::Rotation, 0);
+		mountingOrientation_ = Orientation::Rotate0;
+	}
+
+	properties_.set(properties::PixelArraySize, pixelArraySize_);
+	properties_.set(properties::PixelArrayActiveAreas, { activeArea_ });
+
+	/* Color filter array pattern. */
+	uint32_t cfa;
+
+	switch (cfaPattern_) {
+	case BayerFormat::BGGR:
+		cfa = properties::draft::BGGR;
+		break;
+	case BayerFormat::GBRG:
+		cfa = properties::draft::GBRG;
+		break;
+	case BayerFormat::GRBG:
+		cfa = properties::draft::GRBG;
+		break;
+	case BayerFormat::RGGB:
+		cfa = properties::draft::RGGB;
+		break;
+	case BayerFormat::MONO:
+	default:
+		cfa = properties::draft::MONO;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	properties_.set(properties::draft::ColorFilterArrangement, cfa);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void CameraSensorRaw::initStaticProperties()
+{
+	staticProps_ = CameraSensorProperties::get(model_);
+	if (!staticProps_)
+		return;
+
+	/* Register the properties retrieved from the sensor database. */
+	properties_.set(properties::UnitCellSize, staticProps_->unitCellSize);
+
+	initTestPatternModes();
+}
+
+void CameraSensorRaw::initTestPatternModes()
+{
+	const auto &v4l2TestPattern = controls().find(V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN);
+	if (v4l2TestPattern == controls().end()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Debug) << "V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN is not supported";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const auto &testPatternModes = staticProps_->testPatternModes;
+	if (testPatternModes.empty()) {
+		/*
+		 * The camera sensor supports test patterns but we don't know
+		 * how to map them so this should be fixed.
+		 */
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Debug) << "No static test pattern map for \'"
+					 << model() << "\'";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Create a map that associates the V4L2 control index to the test
+	 * pattern mode by reversing the testPatternModes map provided by the
+	 * camera sensor properties. This makes it easier to verify if the
+	 * control index is supported in the below for loop that creates the
+	 * list of supported test patterns.
+	 */
+	std::map<int32_t, controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum> indexToTestPatternMode;
+	for (const auto &it : testPatternModes)
+		indexToTestPatternMode[it.second] = it.first;
+
+	for (const ControlValue &value : v4l2TestPattern->second.values()) {
+		const int32_t index = value.get<int32_t>();
+
+		const auto it = indexToTestPatternMode.find(index);
+		if (it == indexToTestPatternMode.end()) {
+			LOG(CameraSensor, Debug)
+				<< "Test pattern mode " << index << " ignored";
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		testPatternModes_.push_back(it->second);
+	}
+}
+
+std::vector<Size> CameraSensorRaw::sizes(unsigned int mbusCode) const
+{
+	std::vector<Size> sizes;
+
+	const auto &format = formats_.find(mbusCode);
+	if (format == formats_.end())
+		return sizes;
+
+	const std::vector<SizeRange> &ranges = format->second;
+	std::transform(ranges.begin(), ranges.end(), std::back_inserter(sizes),
+		       [](const SizeRange &range) { return range.max; });
+
+	std::sort(sizes.begin(), sizes.end());
+
+	return sizes;
+}
+
+Size CameraSensorRaw::resolution() const
+{
+	return std::min(sizes_.back(), activeArea_.size());
+}
+
+V4L2SubdeviceFormat
+CameraSensorRaw::getFormat(const std::vector<unsigned int> &mbusCodes,
+			   const Size &size) const
+{
+	unsigned int desiredArea = size.width * size.height;
+	unsigned int bestArea = UINT_MAX;
+	float desiredRatio = static_cast<float>(size.width) / size.height;
+	float bestRatio = FLT_MAX;
+	const Size *bestSize = nullptr;
+	uint32_t bestCode = 0;
+
+	for (unsigned int code : mbusCodes) {
+		const auto formats = formats_.find(code);
+		if (formats == formats_.end())
+			continue;
+
+		for (const SizeRange &range : formats->second) {
+			const Size &sz = range.max;
+
+			if (sz.width < size.width || sz.height < size.height)
+				continue;
+
+			float ratio = static_cast<float>(sz.width) / sz.height;
+			float ratioDiff = std::abs(ratio - desiredRatio);
+			unsigned int area = sz.width * sz.height;
+			unsigned int areaDiff = area - desiredArea;
+
+			if (ratioDiff > bestRatio)
+				continue;
+
+			if (ratioDiff < bestRatio || areaDiff < bestArea) {
+				bestRatio = ratioDiff;
+				bestArea = areaDiff;
+				bestSize = &sz;
+				bestCode = code;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!bestSize) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Debug) << "No supported format or size found";
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	V4L2SubdeviceFormat format{
+		.code = bestCode,
+		.size = *bestSize,
+		.colorSpace = ColorSpace::Raw,
+	};
+
+	return format;
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::setFormat(V4L2SubdeviceFormat *format, Transform transform)
+{
+	/* Configure flips if the sensor supports that. */
+	if (supportFlips_) {
+		ControlList flipCtrls(subdev_->controls());
+
+		flipCtrls.set(V4L2_CID_HFLIP,
+			      static_cast<int32_t>(!!(transform & Transform::HFlip)));
+		flipCtrls.set(V4L2_CID_VFLIP,
+			      static_cast<int32_t>(!!(transform & Transform::VFlip)));
+
+		int ret = subdev_->setControls(&flipCtrls);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Apply format on the subdev. */
+	int ret = subdev_->setFormat(streams_.image.source, format);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	subdev_->updateControlInfo();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::tryFormat(V4L2SubdeviceFormat *format) const
+{
+	return subdev_->setFormat(streams_.image.source, format,
+				  V4L2Subdevice::Whence::TryFormat);
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::applyConfiguration(const SensorConfiguration &config,
+					Transform transform,
+					V4L2SubdeviceFormat *sensorFormat)
+{
+	if (!config.isValid()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "Invalid sensor configuration";
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	std::vector<unsigned int> filteredCodes;
+	std::copy_if(mbusCodes_.begin(), mbusCodes_.end(),
+		     std::back_inserter(filteredCodes),
+		     [&config](unsigned int mbusCode) {
+			     BayerFormat bayer = BayerFormat::fromMbusCode(mbusCode);
+			     if (bayer.bitDepth == config.bitDepth)
+				     return true;
+			     return false;
+		     });
+	if (filteredCodes.empty()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "Cannot find any format with bit depth "
+			<< config.bitDepth;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Compute the sensor's data frame size by applying the cropping
+	 * rectangle, subsampling and output crop to the sensor's pixel array
+	 * size.
+	 *
+	 * \todo The actual size computation is for now ignored and only the
+	 * output size is considered. This implies that resolutions obtained
+	 * with two different cropping/subsampling will look identical and
+	 * only the first found one will be considered.
+	 */
+	V4L2SubdeviceFormat subdevFormat = {};
+	for (unsigned int code : filteredCodes) {
+		for (const Size &size : sizes(code)) {
+			if (size.width != config.outputSize.width ||
+			    size.height != config.outputSize.height)
+				continue;
+
+			subdevFormat.code = code;
+			subdevFormat.size = size;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!subdevFormat.code) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "Invalid output size in sensor configuration";
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	int ret = setFormat(&subdevFormat, transform);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * Return to the caller the format actually applied to the sensor.
+	 * This is relevant if transform has changed the bayer pattern order.
+	 */
+	if (sensorFormat)
+		*sensorFormat = subdevFormat;
+
+	/* \todo Handle AnalogCrop. Most sensors do not support set_selection */
+	/* \todo Handle scaling in the digital domain. */
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::sensorInfo(IPACameraSensorInfo *info) const
+{
+	info->model = model();
+
+	/*
+	 * The active area size is a static property, while the crop
+	 * rectangle needs to be re-read as it depends on the sensor
+	 * configuration.
+	 */
+	info->activeAreaSize = { activeArea_.width, activeArea_.height };
+
+	int ret = subdev_->getSelection(streams_.image.sink, V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP,
+					&info->analogCrop);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * IPACameraSensorInfo::analogCrop::x and IPACameraSensorInfo::analogCrop::y
+	 * are defined relatively to the active pixel area, while V4L2's
+	 * TGT_CROP target is defined in respect to the full pixel array.
+	 *
+	 * Compensate it by subtracting the active area offset.
+	 */
+	info->analogCrop.x -= activeArea_.x;
+	info->analogCrop.y -= activeArea_.y;
+
+	/* The bit depth and image size depend on the currently applied format. */
+	V4L2SubdeviceFormat format{};
+	ret = subdev_->getFormat(streams_.image.source, &format);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	info->bitsPerPixel = MediaBusFormatInfo::info(format.code).bitsPerPixel;
+	info->outputSize = format.size;
+
+	std::optional<int32_t> cfa = properties_.get(properties::draft::ColorFilterArrangement);
+	info->cfaPattern = cfa ? *cfa : properties::draft::RGB;
+
+	/*
+	 * Retrieve the pixel rate, line length and minimum/maximum frame
+	 * duration through V4L2 controls. Support for the V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE,
+	 * V4L2_CID_HBLANK and V4L2_CID_VBLANK controls is mandatory.
+	 */
+	ControlList ctrls = subdev_->getControls({ V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE,
+						   V4L2_CID_HBLANK,
+						   V4L2_CID_VBLANK });
+	if (ctrls.empty()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "Failed to retrieve camera info controls";
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	info->pixelRate = ctrls.get(V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE).get<int64_t>();
+
+	const ControlInfo hblank = ctrls.infoMap()->at(V4L2_CID_HBLANK);
+	info->minLineLength = info->outputSize.width + hblank.min().get<int32_t>();
+	info->maxLineLength = info->outputSize.width + hblank.max().get<int32_t>();
+
+	const ControlInfo vblank = ctrls.infoMap()->at(V4L2_CID_VBLANK);
+	info->minFrameLength = info->outputSize.height + vblank.min().get<int32_t>();
+	info->maxFrameLength = info->outputSize.height + vblank.max().get<int32_t>();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+Transform CameraSensorRaw::computeTransform(Orientation *orientation) const
+{
+	/*
+	 * If we cannot do any flips we cannot change the native camera mounting
+	 * orientation.
+	 */
+	if (!supportFlips_) {
+		*orientation = mountingOrientation_;
+		return Transform::Identity;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now compute the required transform to obtain 'orientation' starting
+	 * from the mounting rotation.
+	 *
+	 * As a note:
+	 * 	orientation / mountingOrientation_ = transform
+	 * 	mountingOrientation_ * transform = orientation
+	 */
+	Transform transform = *orientation / mountingOrientation_;
+
+	/*
+	 * If transform contains any Transpose we cannot do it, so adjust
+	 * 'orientation' to report the image native orientation and return Identity.
+	 */
+	if (!!(transform & Transform::Transpose)) {
+		*orientation = mountingOrientation_;
+		return Transform::Identity;
+	}
+
+	return transform;
+}
+
+BayerFormat::Order CameraSensorRaw::bayerOrder(Transform t) const
+{
+	if (!flipsAlterBayerOrder_)
+		return cfaPattern_;
+
+	/*
+	 * Apply the transform to the native (i.e. untransformed) Bayer order,
+	 * using the rest of the Bayer format supplied by the caller.
+	 */
+	BayerFormat format{ cfaPattern_, 8, BayerFormat::Packing::None };
+	return format.transform(t).order;
+}
+
+const ControlInfoMap &CameraSensorRaw::controls() const
+{
+	return subdev_->controls();
+}
+
+ControlList CameraSensorRaw::getControls(const std::vector<uint32_t> &ids)
+{
+	return subdev_->getControls(ids);
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::setControls(ControlList *ctrls)
+{
+	return subdev_->setControls(ctrls);
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::setTestPatternMode(controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum mode)
+{
+	if (testPatternMode_ == mode)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (testPatternModes_.empty()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error)
+			<< "Camera sensor does not support test pattern modes.";
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return applyTestPatternMode(mode);
+}
+
+int CameraSensorRaw::applyTestPatternMode(controls::draft::TestPatternModeEnum mode)
+{
+	if (testPatternModes_.empty())
+		return 0;
+
+	auto it = std::find(testPatternModes_.begin(), testPatternModes_.end(),
+			    mode);
+	if (it == testPatternModes_.end()) {
+		LOG(CameraSensor, Error) << "Unsupported test pattern mode "
+					 << mode;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	LOG(CameraSensor, Debug) << "Apply test pattern mode " << mode;
+
+	int32_t index = staticProps_->testPatternModes.at(mode);
+	ControlList ctrls{ controls() };
+	ctrls.set(V4L2_CID_TEST_PATTERN, index);
+
+	int ret = setControls(&ctrls);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	testPatternMode_ = mode;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+std::string CameraSensorRaw::logPrefix() const
+{
+	return "'" + entity_->name() + "'";
+}
+
+REGISTER_CAMERA_SENSOR(CameraSensorRaw, 0)
+
+} /* namespace libcamera */
diff --git a/src/libcamera/sensor/meson.build b/src/libcamera/sensor/meson.build
index f0d588977a4f..dce74ed6ac88 100644
--- a/src/libcamera/sensor/meson.build
+++ b/src/libcamera/sensor/meson.build
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ libcamera_internal_sources += files([
     'camera_sensor.cpp',
     'camera_sensor_legacy.cpp',
     'camera_sensor_properties.cpp',
+    'camera_sensor_raw.cpp',
 ])