[{"id":38587,"web_url":"https://patchwork.libcamera.org/comment/38587/","msgid":"","date":"2026-04-13T09:18:15","subject":"Re: [PATCH 1/4] libcamera: pub_key: Add ML-DSA-65 signature\n\talgorithm for PQC compliance","submitter":{"id":216,"url":"https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/people/216/","name":"Barnabás Pőcze","email":"barnabas.pocze@ideasonboard.com"},"content":"Hi\n\n2026. 04. 08. 9:55 keltezéssel, Kate Hsuan írta:\n> As quantum computing advances, traditional signature algorithms are\n> becoming vulnerable. To ensure long-term data security, this change\n> implements ML-DSA-65, the primary Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)\n> standard finalized by NIST. This addition prepares for the transition\n> away from RSA, which is slated for deprecation by 2035.\n\nIs there any point in keeping the RSA path in libcamera?\n\n\nRegards,\nBarnabás Pőcze\n\n> \n> Link: https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography/post-quantum-cryptography-standardization/evaluation-criteria/security-(evaluation-criteria)\n> Link: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2024/NIST.IR.8547.ipd.pdf\n> Signed-off-by: Kate Hsuan \n> ---\n> src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---\n> 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)\n> \n> diff --git a/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp b/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp\n> index f1d73a5c..20f13600 100644\n> --- a/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp\n> +++ b/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp\n> @@ -14,8 +14,13 @@\n> #include \n> #elif HAVE_GNUTLS\n> #include \n> +#include \n> #endif\n> \n> +#include \"libcamera/internal/pub_key.h\"\n> +#include \n> +#include \n> +\n> /**\n> * \\file pub_key.h\n> * \\brief Public key signature verification\n> @@ -23,17 +28,24 @@\n> \n> namespace libcamera {\n> \n> +LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(PubKey);\n> /**\n> * \\class PubKey\n> * \\brief Public key wrapper for signature verification\n> *\n> * The PubKey class wraps a public key and implements signature verification. It\n> - * only supports RSA keys and the RSA-SHA256 signature algorithm.\n> + * supports RSA keys with the RSA-SHA256 signature algorithm, or ML-DSA-65 keys\n> + * as specified in NIST FIPS 204. The signature algorithm is determined in\n> + * compile time.\n> */\n> \n> /**\n> * \\brief Construct a PubKey from key data\n> * \\param[in] key Key data encoded in DER format\n> + *\n> + * The signature algorithm is determined in the compile\n> + * Supported key types are RSA (verified with RSA-SHA256) and ML-DSA-65\n> + * (verified as ML-DSA-65 according to FIPS 204).\n> */\n> PubKey::PubKey([[maybe_unused]] Span key)\n> \t: valid_(false)\n> @@ -83,7 +95,8 @@ PubKey::~PubKey()\n> * \\param[in] sig The signature\n> *\n> * Verify that the signature \\a sig matches the signed \\a data for the public\n> - * key. The signture algorithm is hardcoded to RSA-SHA256.\n> + * key. The signature algorithm is determined in compile time. RSA keys use\n> + * RSA-SHA256, while ML-DSA keys use ML-DSA-65 mentioned in FIPS 204.\n> *\n> * \\return True if the signature is valid, false otherwise\n> */\n> @@ -94,6 +107,30 @@ bool PubKey::verify([[maybe_unused]] Span data,\n> \t\treturn false;\n> \n> #if HAVE_CRYPTO\n> +\n> +#if WITH_FIPS\n> +\t/* ML-DSA */\n> +\tEVP_MD_CTX *ctx_dsa = EVP_MD_CTX_new();\n> +\tif (!ctx_dsa) {\n> +\t\tLOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Initialize context for ML-DSA failed\";\n> +\t\treturn false;\n> +\t}\n> +\n> +\tif (EVP_DigestVerifyInit(ctx_dsa, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,\n> +\t\t\t\t pubkey_) <= 0) {\n> +\t\tEVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx_dsa);\n> +\t\tLOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Initialize ML-DSA verification failed\";\n> +\t\treturn false;\n> +\t}\n> +\n> +\tint ret = EVP_DigestVerify(ctx_dsa, sig.data(), sig.size(),\n> +\t\t\t\t data.data(), data.size());\n> +\tEVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx_dsa);\n> +\tLOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with ML-DSA-65: \" << ret;\n> +\treturn ret == 1;\n> +#else\n> +\t/* RSA with SHA-256 */\n> +\n> \t/*\n> \t * Create and initialize a public key algorithm context for signature\n> \t * verification.\n> @@ -117,7 +154,11 @@ bool PubKey::verify([[maybe_unused]] Span data,\n> \tint ret = EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx, sig.data(), sig.size(), digest,\n> \t\t\t\t SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH);\n> \tEVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);\n> +\n> +\tLOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with RSA-SHA256: \" << ret;\n> \treturn ret == 1;\n> +#endif\n> +\n> #elif HAVE_GNUTLS\n> \tconst gnutls_datum_t gnuTlsData{\n> \t\tconst_cast(data.data()),\n> @@ -129,9 +170,17 @@ bool PubKey::verify([[maybe_unused]] Span data,\n> \t\tstatic_cast(sig.size())\n> \t};\n> \n> -\tint ret = gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey_, GNUTLS_SIGN_RSA_SHA256, 0,\n> +#if WITH_FIPS\n> +\tint ret = gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey_, GNUTLS_SIGN_MLDSA65, 0,\n> \t\t\t\t\t &gnuTlsData, &gnuTlsSig);\n> +\tLOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with ML-DSA-65: \" << ret;\n> +\treturn ret >= 0;\n> +#else\n> +\tint ret = gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey_, GNUTLS_SIGN_RSA_SHA256,\n> +\t\t\t\t\t 0, &gnuTlsData, &gnuTlsSig);\n> +\tLOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with RSA-SHA256: \" << ret;\n> \treturn ret >= 0;\n> +#endif\n> #else\n> \treturn false;\n> #endif","headers":{"Return-Path":"","X-Original-To":"parsemail@patchwork.libcamera.org","Delivered-To":"parsemail@patchwork.libcamera.org","Received":["from lancelot.ideasonboard.com (lancelot.ideasonboard.com\n\t[92.243.16.209])\n\tby patchwork.libcamera.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 0722EBDCBD\n\tfor ;\n\tMon, 13 Apr 2026 09:18:22 +0000 (UTC)","from lancelot.ideasonboard.com (localhost [IPv6:::1])\n\tby lancelot.ideasonboard.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id D660362E7A;\n\tMon, 13 Apr 2026 11:18:20 +0200 (CEST)","from perceval.ideasonboard.com (perceval.ideasonboard.com\n\t[213.167.242.64])\n\tby lancelot.ideasonboard.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BC78662846\n\tfor ;\n\tMon, 13 Apr 2026 11:18:19 +0200 (CEST)","from [192.168.33.49] (185.182.214.8.nat.pool.zt.hu [185.182.214.8])\n\tby perceval.ideasonboard.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 7BCDF16A;\n\tMon, 13 Apr 2026 11:16:47 +0200 (CEST)"],"Authentication-Results":"lancelot.ideasonboard.com; dkim=pass (1024-bit key;\n\tunprotected) header.d=ideasonboard.com header.i=@ideasonboard.com\n\theader.b=\"kOEBnlvX\"; dkim-atps=neutral","DKIM-Signature":"v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=ideasonboard.com;\n\ts=mail; t=1776071808;\n\tbh=g/q98OUhHzrz3ItBdihxI1H7Vd4qtocu7CgNe+Qc74w=;\n\th=Date:Subject:To:References:From:In-Reply-To:From;\n\tb=kOEBnlvXl8shbLebr9UAj+atCmpHh4DJZZXLC8m7BPT2WBxyYM9uaFzCnNLAfH84I\n\tGwxaWWTsmSSOs4Q2Nc4NdLyFT5HQD8OCiXvxAKQ6ITqia4HOfGWI/R6bS3t1mneflS\n\tQM+7TmKcjUMuTlFIeBa/85NSJMKI8YQJZbsH4bMY=","Message-ID":"","Date":"Mon, 13 Apr 2026 11:18:15 +0200","MIME-Version":"1.0","User-Agent":"Mozilla Thunderbird","Subject":"Re: [PATCH 1/4] libcamera: pub_key: Add ML-DSA-65 signature\n\talgorithm for PQC compliance","To":"Kate Hsuan , libcamera-devel@lists.libcamera.org","References":"<20260408075540.53309-1-hpa@redhat.com>\n\t<20260408075540.53309-2-hpa@redhat.com>","From":"=?utf-8?q?Barnab=C3=A1s_P=C5=91cze?= ","Content-Language":"en-US, hu-HU","In-Reply-To":"<20260408075540.53309-2-hpa@redhat.com>","Content-Type":"text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed","Content-Transfer-Encoding":"8bit","X-BeenThere":"libcamera-devel@lists.libcamera.org","X-Mailman-Version":"2.1.29","Precedence":"list","List-Id":"","List-Unsubscribe":",\n\t","List-Archive":"","List-Post":"","List-Help":"","List-Subscribe":",\n\t","Errors-To":"libcamera-devel-bounces@lists.libcamera.org","Sender":"\"libcamera-devel\" "}},{"id":38615,"web_url":"https://patchwork.libcamera.org/comment/38615/","msgid":"","date":"2026-04-15T02:27:12","subject":"Re: [PATCH 1/4] libcamera: pub_key: Add ML-DSA-65 signature\n\talgorithm for PQC compliance","submitter":{"id":105,"url":"https://patchwork.libcamera.org/api/people/105/","name":"Kate Hsuan","email":"hpa@redhat.com"},"content":"Hi Barnabás,\n\nOn Mon, Apr 13, 2026 at 5:18 PM Barnabás Pőcze\n wrote:\n>\n> Hi\n>\n> 2026. 04. 08. 9:55 keltezéssel, Kate Hsuan írta:\n> > As quantum computing advances, traditional signature algorithms are\n> > becoming vulnerable. To ensure long-term data security, this change\n> > implements ML-DSA-65, the primary Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)\n> > standard finalized by NIST. This addition prepares for the transition\n> > away from RSA, which is slated for deprecation by 2035.\n>\n> Is there any point in keeping the RSA path in libcamera?\n\nThank you for reviewing this work.\n\nRSA is expected to be deprecated by 2035, so I think keeping both\nalgorithms for now is better.\nKeeping RSA gives more room to the Linux distributor to prepare the\nPQC migration.\nAfter 2035, RSA can be entirely dropped :)\n\n>\n>\n> Regards,\n> Barnabás Pőcze\n>\n> >\n> > Link: https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography/post-quantum-cryptography-standardization/evaluation-criteria/security-(evaluation-criteria)\n> > Link: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2024/NIST.IR.8547.ipd.pdf\n> > Signed-off-by: Kate Hsuan \n> > ---\n> > src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---\n> > 1 file changed, 52 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)\n> >\n> > diff --git a/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp b/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp\n> > index f1d73a5c..20f13600 100644\n> > --- a/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp\n> > +++ b/src/libcamera/pub_key.cpp\n> > @@ -14,8 +14,13 @@\n> > #include \n> > #elif HAVE_GNUTLS\n> > #include \n> > +#include \n> > #endif\n> >\n> > +#include \"libcamera/internal/pub_key.h\"\n> > +#include \n> > +#include \n> > +\n> > /**\n> > * \\file pub_key.h\n> > * \\brief Public key signature verification\n> > @@ -23,17 +28,24 @@\n> >\n> > namespace libcamera {\n> >\n> > +LOG_DEFINE_CATEGORY(PubKey);\n> > /**\n> > * \\class PubKey\n> > * \\brief Public key wrapper for signature verification\n> > *\n> > * The PubKey class wraps a public key and implements signature verification. It\n> > - * only supports RSA keys and the RSA-SHA256 signature algorithm.\n> > + * supports RSA keys with the RSA-SHA256 signature algorithm, or ML-DSA-65 keys\n> > + * as specified in NIST FIPS 204. The signature algorithm is determined in\n> > + * compile time.\n> > */\n> >\n> > /**\n> > * \\brief Construct a PubKey from key data\n> > * \\param[in] key Key data encoded in DER format\n> > + *\n> > + * The signature algorithm is determined in the compile\n> > + * Supported key types are RSA (verified with RSA-SHA256) and ML-DSA-65\n> > + * (verified as ML-DSA-65 according to FIPS 204).\n> > */\n> > PubKey::PubKey([[maybe_unused]] Span key)\n> > : valid_(false)\n> > @@ -83,7 +95,8 @@ PubKey::~PubKey()\n> > * \\param[in] sig The signature\n> > *\n> > * Verify that the signature \\a sig matches the signed \\a data for the public\n> > - * key. The signture algorithm is hardcoded to RSA-SHA256.\n> > + * key. The signature algorithm is determined in compile time. RSA keys use\n> > + * RSA-SHA256, while ML-DSA keys use ML-DSA-65 mentioned in FIPS 204.\n> > *\n> > * \\return True if the signature is valid, false otherwise\n> > */\n> > @@ -94,6 +107,30 @@ bool PubKey::verify([[maybe_unused]] Span data,\n> > return false;\n> >\n> > #if HAVE_CRYPTO\n> > +\n> > +#if WITH_FIPS\n> > + /* ML-DSA */\n> > + EVP_MD_CTX *ctx_dsa = EVP_MD_CTX_new();\n> > + if (!ctx_dsa) {\n> > + LOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Initialize context for ML-DSA failed\";\n> > + return false;\n> > + }\n> > +\n> > + if (EVP_DigestVerifyInit(ctx_dsa, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,\n> > + pubkey_) <= 0) {\n> > + EVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx_dsa);\n> > + LOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Initialize ML-DSA verification failed\";\n> > + return false;\n> > + }\n> > +\n> > + int ret = EVP_DigestVerify(ctx_dsa, sig.data(), sig.size(),\n> > + data.data(), data.size());\n> > + EVP_MD_CTX_free(ctx_dsa);\n> > + LOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with ML-DSA-65: \" << ret;\n> > + return ret == 1;\n> > +#else\n> > + /* RSA with SHA-256 */\n> > +\n> > /*\n> > * Create and initialize a public key algorithm context for signature\n> > * verification.\n> > @@ -117,7 +154,11 @@ bool PubKey::verify([[maybe_unused]] Span data,\n> > int ret = EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx, sig.data(), sig.size(), digest,\n> > SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH);\n> > EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(ctx);\n> > +\n> > + LOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with RSA-SHA256: \" << ret;\n> > return ret == 1;\n> > +#endif\n> > +\n> > #elif HAVE_GNUTLS\n> > const gnutls_datum_t gnuTlsData{\n> > const_cast(data.data()),\n> > @@ -129,9 +170,17 @@ bool PubKey::verify([[maybe_unused]] Span data,\n> > static_cast(sig.size())\n> > };\n> >\n> > - int ret = gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey_, GNUTLS_SIGN_RSA_SHA256, 0,\n> > +#if WITH_FIPS\n> > + int ret = gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey_, GNUTLS_SIGN_MLDSA65, 0,\n> > &gnuTlsData, &gnuTlsSig);\n> > + LOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with ML-DSA-65: \" << ret;\n> > + return ret >= 0;\n> > +#else\n> > + int ret = gnutls_pubkey_verify_data2(pubkey_, GNUTLS_SIGN_RSA_SHA256,\n> > + 0, &gnuTlsData, &gnuTlsSig);\n> > + LOG(PubKey, Error) << \"Verify with RSA-SHA256: \" << ret;\n> > return ret >= 0;\n> > +#endif\n> > #else\n> > return false;\n> > #endif\n>","headers":{"Return-Path":"","X-Original-To":"parsemail@patchwork.libcamera.org","Delivered-To":"parsemail@patchwork.libcamera.org","Received":["from lancelot.ideasonboard.com (lancelot.ideasonboard.com\n\t[92.243.16.209])\n\tby patchwork.libcamera.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 71210BDCBD\n\tfor ;\n\tWed, 15 Apr 2026 02:27:30 +0000 (UTC)","from lancelot.ideasonboard.com (localhost [IPv6:::1])\n\tby lancelot.ideasonboard.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 882B562EA2;\n\tWed, 15 Apr 2026 04:27:29 +0200 (CEST)","from us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com\n\t(us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com [170.10.129.124])\n\tby lancelot.ideasonboard.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id CEAD26271A\n\tfor ;\n\tWed, 15 Apr 2026 04:27:27 +0200 (CEST)","from mail-oi1-f198.google.com (mail-oi1-f198.google.com\n\t[209.85.167.198]) by relay.mimecast.com with ESMTP with STARTTLS\n\t(version=TLSv1.3, cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id\n\tus-mta-215-1UL3PUMDNMq9Gxp243-tDQ-1; 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